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| Nelson Mandela | Collected |
Nelson
Rolihlahla Mandela is not only a South African but also a world famous
anti-apartheid and anti-colonial leader. Though it is very much hard but here
we have
summarized the short biography of Nelson Mandela.
Name: Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (The name “Nelson” is given by a schoolteacher Miss Mdingane)
Nationality: South Africa
Born on: July 18, 1918
Birthplace: Mvezo, Umtatu, Transkei, South Africa
Father’s Name: Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa [about 1880-1928] was a councilor to the Thembu royal family.
Mother’s Name: Nosekeni Fanny [third wife of Mandela’s father]
Current Living Address: Johannesburg, South Africa
Political Party: African National Congress [ANC].
Legendary for: He was the anti-colonial and Anti-Apartheid Activist, president of African National Congress (ANC) [1991-1997], Former president of South Africa [10 May 1994 - 14 June 1999], Former Secretary General of Nonaligned Africa [2 September 1998 - 14 June 1999], Father of the Nation of South Africa [commonly known as Madiba in South Africa]
Remarkable Task Done By Him Nationally: Created new constitution as a president, established Truth and Reconciliation Commission to scrutinize previous abuses of human right, took policies to eliminate poverty, land reform and increase healthcare facilities.
Remarkable Task Done By Him Internationally: Took part as an intermediary in the Pan Am Flight 103 Bombing Trial between Libya and the UK. Established Nelson Mandela Foundation which task is conciseness about HIV/AIDS and decreasing poverty.
Award: Over 250 awards including Novel Peace Prize, US President Medal of Freedom, Soviet Order of Lenin.
Studied: His father and mother were illiterate but mother sent to school “Methodists” at seven years old. His mother shifted him to “Great Place” palace where he was treated as a son by Jongintaba and his wife. There he was influenced by Christianity. He started secondary education at a western style school “Clarkebury Boarding Institute” in Engcobo. At this school the first time he made the best friend with a girl. He was admitted to Methodist College [1937]. Fort Hare University, University of Witwatersrand [1943].
1941: at 23 years old, ran away from an arranged marriage and went to Johannesburg.
1943: joined the African National Congress (ANC).
1948: became secretary of ANC Youth League.
1950: Became president of ANC Youth League.
1952: became president of ANC Transvaal, started law practice in H.M. Basner law firm with his partner (name of partner is Oliver Tambo) in Johannesburg as he became a lawyer.
July 30, 1952: arrested under the Suppression of Communism Act and was punished.
1956: Accused of high sedition but charges dropped.
1961: started activates of All-African National Action Council which is a semi-underground group. He was secretary and later on became head of the Spear of the Nation locally called Umkhonto weSizwe.
1962: was again arrested for the condemnation of sabotage, and punished for five years prison.
1964: Again accused of and punished for lifetime. He spent 27 years in the different prison.
1988: admitted to hospital and after recovery again he was sent to prison.
11 February, 1990: was released from the prison.
Prisons where Mandela was: Robben Island [1962-1982], Pollsmoor Prison [1982-1988], Victor Verster Prison [1988-1990].
1964 to 1990: During this time only few visitors are allowed to meet him and public conversation about him was illegal. Situation radically changes in the South Africa and around the world about the apartheid. Protest and international presser was increased for the ending of apartheid. And with the passage of time he became the symbol of anti-apartheid throughout the world.
1991: became president of African National Congress.
Late 1991: Mandela and deKlerk understood to establish democratic government and started to the process and finally able to establish with the consent of multiparty.
September, 1992: Two leaders signed a document for freely elected constitutional assembly.
1993: Awarded for Nobel Peace Prize.
April 27, 1994: brought to end apartheid and started multi-racial election. Mandela took part in the election as a leader of ANC and elected as first black president.
June 1999: retired from
presidency.
Short Biography of Mandela
2001: Diagnosed with prostate cancer.
2004: Retired from civic life.
2007: Establish The Elder Group.
2010: Took part at the world cup closing ceremony.
Criticism: Critics blame him as communist sympathizer and terrorist.
Personal Life:
Religion: Christianity [Methodism]
Wife: (01). Evelyn Ntoko Mase- [1944-1957/1958], were four children when divorced.
(02). Winnie Madikizela [1957-1996],
(03). Graca Machel [1998-Present]
Children: Madiba Thembekile, Makgatho Lewanika, Makaziwe, Maki, Zenani, Zindziswa.
Bibliography: The above information is summarized from the below website. You can visit these site for detail information.
04. BBC
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